Technical Reference Library

Engineering calculators and curated reading for welding professionals. All tools follow published standards and are provided as guidance only.

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Design for Manufacture/Inspection

Design for manufacture and inspection (DFM/DFI) is not just a concept for machined parts; it directly applies to welded fabrications. Integrating weldability and inspectability into the joint design phase can cut rework…

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Design for Manufacture/Inspection

Engineer's Toolbox

Thermal chain: Heat Input feeds t8/5 and Preheat Chemistry: composition based Production: fillet size feeds weight, travel speed feeds gas Qualification and documents
calculate

Heat Input

Heat Input

Q = k × (V × I × 60) / (S × 1000)

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Cooling Time t8/5

t8/5

Per EN 1011-2, butt weld on steel

thermostat

Preheat (EN 1011-2)

Min preheat

EN 1011-2 method B. CET = C + (Mn+Mo)/10 + (Cr+Cu)/20 + Ni/40

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Carbon Equivalent (CEV)

CEV (IIW)

CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr+Mo+V)/5 + (Ni+Cu)/15

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Schaeffler Creq/Nieq

Creq / Nieq

Schaeffler: Creq = Cr+Mo+1.5Si, Nieq = Ni+30C+0.5Mn

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Fillet Weld Converter

Result

a = z / √2 · z = a × √2

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Weld Metal Weight

Weld metal / consumables

Fillet, steel 7.85 g/cm³, 10% reinforcement included

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Shielding Gas Usage

Gas volume

Arc time × flow, +10% pre/post purge

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Pipe RPM ↔ Speed

Result

v = π × D × RPM. For rotators and orbital welding

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Welder Qualification (ISO 9606-1)

Thickness range:

Diameter range:

fact_check

WPS Range (ISO 15614-1)

Approved BM thickness: